Diary 21UA. Environment and Sustainable DevelopmentDiary 21UA. Environment and Sustainable Development
The university management from a point of view of the sustainable development covers big number of facets and no only those considered traditionally like “environmental”. Therefore, the areas of the organisation of the University involved in the environmental management are varied and no only the specific Area of Environment.
The coordination between different university organs, the analysis pluridisciplinar of the problems and the consideration of the multiplicity of solutions, are intrinsic to the environmental management of the University based in principles of the sustainable development. Thus, it analyses the Structural Organisation that presents the UA, so much to academic level and of management and government, as well as the existent organisms at present in the UA commissioned of the management in matter of environment.
Besides, in the approach of the Diary 21 of a University Campus, has to consider the sustainability of the educational model and researcher, as well as of the services and necessary activities to support to the docencia and attend to the university community.
The sustainable development of a University has to base in a balance between the different socioeconomic activities, educational and researchers, so that diversifique the field of the same and therefore enrich the social fabric of the university community user of a Campus.
Besides, it has to look for the ambientalización of the docencia and the investigation, understanding this like the incorporation of the environmental variable in the formative routes.
Likewise, the rest of services and activities that take place in a university enclosure have to be directed to the environmental and sustainable management of the campus, by what is necessary that increasingly follow criteria based in environmental appearances, and no only technical or merely functional.
Therefore, one of the main aims of this axis is fomentar the introduction of processes of environmental quality in the UA for minimizar all the susceptible actions to generate negative environmental impacts, and establish mechanisms for difundir the environmental performances set up in the UA.
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The Diary 21 in the university field is extremely important because, is precisely in the educational centres, where reinforces the fomento and the acquisition of habits and forms of behaviour to the building of a sustainable development.
The experiences that the people that “they live” in the UA (are students, PDI or PAS) go purchasing in his daily relation with the institution, are of big importance for the development and building of his scales of values and environmental behaviours. Like this the university environmental education exerts an informal educational function of the professional futures, when being offering and transmitting new guidelines and behaviours directed to the respect by the environment and the attainment of the sustainability.
This educational line has to impulsar the acquisition of the consciousness, the values and the behaviours that favour the effective participation of the university community in the detection of problems and in the proposal of actions. The environmental education, like this understood, can and has to be a strategic factor that incida in the model of development established to reorient it to the sustainability and the equity.
Being therefore the aims of this axis, promote the training and environmental sensitisation of all the university community, as well as fomentar the participatory processes in the same.
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The environment has been defined like the group of physical factors, environmental, cultural, economic and social that surround to the human being. Of this form along the history, the environment has constituted and follows constituting the source of natural resources more important for the human being, obtaining of this the prime matters and the necessary energy for the development of the activities antrópicas.
The natural resources are the base of all the economies. The utilisation of these and his transformation build the wealth of the present and of the future generations. However, the dimension of the use of the natural resources that is doing at present, puts in danger the availability of these of the future generations.
Like receptor of human activities, the environment presents a main or lower capacity of received for each activity that develop in his breast. It results indispensable, develop activities whose capacity of received by the territory and the ecosystem are the sufficiently high, refusing those that present a low capacity.
It requires potenciar and diversificar the aprovechamiento of the natural resources, some renewable and others no, applying criteria of sustainability. For this, it is necessary to have of effective instruments for concienciar and form to the population and exert a constant pressure with sights to improve the aprovechamiento of the resources on a long-term basis in all the sectors of the human activity.
The main challenge that poses the Local Diary 21 in this chapter is to ensure on a long-term basis the feasibility of the natural means and perceptual of the University of Alicante. Taking advantage of the structure and design of the campus, follow potenciando of sustainable form the creation and maintenance of natural spaces in the same, favouring the settlement of vegetal and animal communities own of the area biogeográfica, and follow improving of continuous form the natural quality and paisajística of the Campus.
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Today day, the means of transport have turned into indispensable tool for the economic development and social welfare.
The production and especially the distribution of goods and services, are closely tied to them. All this, together with the growth of the economy, has originated a continuous increase of the park of vehicles in the last years.
The vehicle is every time less an article of luxury or a symbol of status, and increasingly a need because of the increasing separation, between the places of residence and the ones of work or study, with the obligation of trip that this supposes. Like this a big number of people depends of him of compulsory way by labour needs or of studies.
However, it does not be necessary to forget that the engines of internal combustion, that work burning fuels fossils, suppose a big impact for the environment. Besides the infrastructures that require the distinct means of transport, involve an important occupation of spaces, a limitation to the compatible uses in them and consecuentemente, a radical transformation of the surroundings on which assent .
Distinct studies elaborated in the last decades have put of self-evident what was an evidence, that the private transport is the most important focus of atmospheric and acoustic pollution in a population.
In summary can say that the transport by means of vehicles of engine contributes to damage the environment and the human health with the broadcast of gases contaminantes toxic and gases of effect invernadero, the generation of waste and acoustic pollution and the fragmentation of the territory. Therefore, a politics oriented to the sustainability has to consider the need of racionalizar and reduce the utilisation of the private vehicle.
One of the main challenges that has to pose the Diary 21 in the UA is to ensure to local level and on a long-term basis, the accessibility and sustainable mobility. For this it is necessary to have of effective instruments for fomentar the employment of means of sustainable transport, as well as concienciar and form to the university community to diminish the use of the private vehicle guaranteeing, to the same time, the accessibility to the equipments and installations of the UA to all the university population, adopting the necessary measures to guarantee this right, and especially to the people with limitations of mobility.
Therefore, the purpose of this axis is potenciar actions and measures of moderation of the traffic filmed inside the UA, fomentando the use of means of alternative transport and the protection and conservation of the zones peatonales, as well as potenciar measures and criteria of architectural and technological performance with the aim to achieve an accessible space to all the users, independently of his degree of discapacidad.
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Intuitivamente, designated waste to the substances, objects, elements, etc., that are us inservibles and are destined to be refused, well because they have left to be useful to exert the function by which had them, well because they have exhausted , well because they are the container of something that have used, etc.
The economy of consumption and the habits of current life have carried us to a point in which the waste that generate are of a very diverse typology: plastics, metals, paper and cardboard, glass, etc. Besides, like consequence of industrial activities and of services produce a big variety of waste, some of them characterised like dangerous: oil used, containers contaminated, slimes of depuración, dissolvent, material contaminated, etc.
The treatment of the waste turns into an indispensable measure to attain an environmental balance. To attain it, and following the spirit of the applicable legislation, has to establish a system of collected selective of waste that allow destinarlos finally more suitable, that, in order of priority would be:
1º Prevention.
2º Reuse.
3º Recycling or other forms of valorisation.
Only when it do not exist possibility of valorisation, will proceed to the elimination of a residue, for example carrying it to a dump authorised.
It is indispensable to undertake actions to attain reduce the production of current waste, reutilizar the waste generated, and destinar to valorisation the waste that can not reduce or reutilizarse. For this it is necessary the knowledge of the flows of waste generated, so much dangerous and no dangerous and inert, and his quantities, as well as of the mechanisms of management implanted for his collected, storage and final treatment.
Like this, the fundamental aim of this axis is the one to promote the reduction in the production of waste, as well as his recycled and reuse by part of the community univeristaria of the UA.
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The water is an indispensable natural resource for the life. If it does a chemical analysis of the living beings that populate the planet, observe that 65% of our corporal weight is water.
The Earth has been called the “Planet of the Water”. 70% of his surface is cover by this liquid. However, the freshwater supposes a very small part of this volume. Only we have available a 0,05% of the water of all the planet.
97% of the water in the world is salty, by what can not use for the abastecimiento of the population or in regadíos. 3% remaining is freshwater. However, the main part is concentrated in the polar sockets and in deep subterranean aquifers, so that, is not technically aprovechable by the human being.
Although the percentage of available water seems scarce, could guarantee the abastecimiento to all the inhabitants of the planet. For this it is necessary a suitable distribution, management and saving of the same.
The water, like natural resource, is scarce and is irregularly delivered. Like this, the shortage of water constitutes a main problem and of vital importance for the earths alicantinas, and has been a special rémora in the socioeconomic development of the province of Alicante during long.
The province of Alicante presents some precipitations exiguas and irregular, remaining his efficiency diminished by the strong time concentration and the high evapotranspiración potential. Besides there are not rivers alóctonos in the zone, that ensure a regular and permanent discharge, since the courses of water that exist in her, ravines and ramblas go almost always dry, and have an intermittent operation and espasmódico; finally the permeable trainings are reduced and find mermada the capacity of storage by the conditions of the geological structures and the nonexistence of useful rain for his recarga.
In the UA would have to impulsarse programs of conservation and management of the demand that have present from the beginning the paper of the water and his characteristic of scarce resource, as well as programs of diffusion and social awareness.
By means of the proposal of the included programs in this axis, pretend establish mechanisms for the correct distribution, management and saving of the water in the campus of the University of Alicante, as well as in case to be necessary, the depuración suitable of the effluents.
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The use of the energy, increasing in the time, is something inherent to all the societies developed, and one of the indexes of productivity. The energies that provienen of the oil have gone in increase, and the electrical is one of the forms that grows more quickly. The generation of electrical energy follows depending largely of it burns of fuels fossils that are extremely contaminantes and contrary to politics of sustainability.
The combination of demographical growth, economic development and industrialisation in the world, involve that the world-wide consumption of energy grow of form continued. These trends, added to the maintenance of the employment of fuels fossils to produce primary energy, carry implicit that the broadcasts of gases of effect invernadero will continue increasing, being one of the main problems that have contributed to describe this form of growth like insostenible for the planet.
Practically all the activities developed in the modern technological society use sources of energy no renewable. The origin of this energy is the coal, the oil or the fission of the uranium, which precisan in his majority be transformed before being consumed. These sources of energy are not renewable because they do not have possible replacement, in the short term, once exhausted.
A renewable energy is, by the contrary, an alternative energy to which used at present (ecologically speaking) and that, when finding in infinite quantities, can renew so prompt is consumed. Between them find the aeolian energy, pertinent of the wind and the solar energy, pertinent of the sun. To this type of energy designates them “clean Energies”.
By all this, the attain an increase in the production of this type of energy to coast to diminish the energy produced by the thermal head offices with fuels fossils is one of the aims of sustainability that as a whole have to achieve.
The purpose of this axis is therefore, maximizar the energetic saving and potenciar the clean and renewable energies. They will propose actions directed to improve the energetic management of the campus of the University of Alicante, so much in the optimisation of the consumption of the installations and in the application of sources of renewable energies.
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The atmosphere is essential for the life by what his alterations have a big repercussion in the man and other living beings and, in general, in all the planet. It is an extraordinarily complex means and the situation does still more complicated and difficult to study when they add him broadcasts of human origin in great quantity, as it is sucediendo in these last decades.
An atmosphere contaminated can damage the health of the people and affect to the life of the plants and the animals. But, besides, the changes that produce in the chemical composition of the atmosphere can change the climate, produce sour rain or destroy the ozone, phenomena all they of a big global importance. It understands the urgency to know well these processes and to take the necessary measures so that they do not produce grave situations for the life of the mankind and of all the biosphere.
Our activity, even the most normal and daily, originates pollution. When we used electricity, means of transport, metals, plastic or paintings; when they consume foods, medicines or products of cleaning; when it lights the heating or heats the food or the water; etc. They produce , direct or indirectly, substances contaminantes.
In a country industrialised the pollution of the air proceeds, more or less to equal parts, of the systems of transport, the big foci of industrial broadcasts and the small foci of broadcasts of the cities or the field; but we do not have to forget that always, at the end, these sources of pollution depend of the demand of products, energy and services that do the group of the society.
It proposes a management of the atmospheric pollution based in a control and effective maintenance of the installations and teams that generate of usual form, or can generate of accidental form, broadcasts contaminantes in the UA.
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The noise, considered like an unwanted sound by the receptor or like a feeling auditiva unpleasant and annoying, is cause of worry in the actuality, by his effects on the health, on the individual human behaviour and grupal; because of the physical consequences, psychic and social that comports.
The evolution experienced by the countries developed in the last decades, with the proliferation of industries, spectacular increase of the park automovilístico, at the same time that it has contributed to elevate the quality of life of the citizens, has ocasionado an increase of the environmental pollution and, in particular, of the produced by noises and vibrations.
At present the noise considers one of the main environmental problems in Europe. Besides, unlike other environmental problems, the acoustic pollution follows in increase and produces an every time main number of complaints by part of the population. This increase is not sustainable because of the adverse consequences, so much direct like acumulativas, that has on the health. Also it has economic and social repercussions.
In our days, the noise is considered like an important form of pollution and a clear demonstration of a low quality of life. The consequences of the environmental acoustic impact, so much of physiological order and psychophysiologic, affect every time to a main number of people and in particular to the inhabitants of the big cities. Thus it results important the evaluation of the noise that produce the human activities in the population.
Regarding the causes, estimate that the vehicles to engine generate 80% of the noise in a city; 10% corresponds to the industries; 6% to railways or urban trains; and 4% to commercial venues, of entretenimiento, etc. Therefore, the main cause of the acoustic pollution that affects to the population in our urban cores is precisely the vehicles to engine; this is the case also of the University of Alicante.
The fundamental aim of the programs that engloba this strategic line, is the one to promote the reduction of the levels of noise, fomentando attitudes more respectful with the half and installing the necessary structural means.
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